Ungasibhala kanjani isiphakamiso socwaningo lwe-PhD [KULUNGILE]

Uma uhlela ukuphishekela iphrojekthi yocwaningo, isiphakamiso socwaningo esibhalwe kahle sibalulekile empumelelweni yakho. Isiphakamiso socwaningo sisebenza njengomhlahlandlela wocwaningo lwakho, sichaza izinhloso zakho, indlela yokusebenza, kanye nemiphumela engaba khona. Kulesi sihloko, sizokuqondisa ngenqubo yokubhala isiphakamiso socwaningo, esihlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene, izifanekiso, izibonelo, namasampuli.

Isiphakamiso socwaningo esibhalwe kahle sibalulekile empumelelweni yephrojekthi, sichaza izinjongo, indlela yokusebenza, kanye nemiphumela engaba khona. Lolu cwaningo luhlola umthelela wenkundla yezokuxhumana empilweni yengqondo kusetshenziswa indlela exubile, okuhloswe ngayo ukunikeza imininingwane nezincomo zocwaningo lwangomuso.

1. Isingeniso

Isiphakamiso socwaningo wumbhalo oveza izinhloso zakho zocwaningo, indlela yokusebenza, kanye nemiphumela engaba khona. Ngokuvamile ithunyelwa esikhungweni semfundo, i-ejensi yokuxhasa ngemali, noma umphathi wocwaningo ukuze uthole imvume noxhaso lwephrojekthi yakho yocwaningo.

Ukubhala isiphakamiso socwaningo kungaba umsebenzi onzima, kodwa ngesiqondiso esifanele kanye nezinsiza, kungaba inqubo eqondile. Ezigabeni ezilandelayo, sizohlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zeziphakamiso zocwaningo, izici ezibalulekile zesiphakamiso socwaningo, izifanekiso zesiphakamiso socwaningo, izibonelo, namasampula.

2. Izinhlobo Zeziphakamiso Zocwaningo

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zeziphakamiso zocwaningo:

2.1 Iziphakamiso Zocwaningo Eziceliwe

Izicelo zeziphakamiso (ama-RFP), izinhlangano ezixhasa ngemali noma izikhungo ezizikhiphayo ukuze zicele iziphakamiso zocwaningo ngezihloko ezithile, zaziwa njengeziphakamiso zocwaningo eziceliwe. I-RFP izochaza izidingo, okulindelwe, kanye nenqubo yokuhlola yesiphakamiso.

2.2 Iziphakamiso Zocwaningo Ezingacelwanga

Iziphakamiso zocwaningo ezingaceliwe ziyiziphakamiso ezithunyelwa ezikhungweni ezixhasa ngemali noma ezikhungweni ngaphandle kwesicelo esithile. Ngokuvamile, abacwaningi abanombono wocwaningo wangempela abacabanga ukuthi kufanelekile ukuwulandela bahambisa lezi ziphakamiso.

2.3 Iziphakamiso Zocwaningo Eziqhubekayo noma Ezingaqhudelani

Iziphakamiso zocwaningo eziqhubekayo noma ezingaqhudelani ziyiziphakamiso ezilethwa ngemva kokuba isiphakamiso sokuqala socwaningo samukelwe futhi izimali sezinikeziwe. Lezi ziphakamiso ngokuvamile zinikeza isibuyekezo ngenqubekelaphambili yephrojekthi yocwaningo futhi zicela enye imali ukuze kuqhutshekwe nomsebenzi.

3. Izingxenye Ezibalulekile Zesiphakamiso Socwaningo

Ngaphandle kohlobo lwesiphakamiso socwaningo, kunezici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile okufanele zifakwe:

Isihloko se-3.1

Isihloko kufanele sibe mfushane, sichaze, futhi sifundise. Kufanele inikeze inkomba ecacile yesihloko socwaningo kanye nokugxilwa kwesiphakamiso.

3.2 Abstract

I-abstract kufanele ibe isifinyezo esifushane sesiphakamiso, ngokuvamile singadluli amagama angama-250. Kufanele inikeze isifinyezo sezinjongo zocwaningo, indlela yokusebenza, kanye nemiphumela engaba khona.

Isingeniso se-3.3

Isingeniso kufanele sinikeze isizinda nesimo sephrojekthi yocwaningo. Kufanele iveze inkinga yocwaningo, umbuzo wocwaningo, kanye ne-hypothesis.

3.4 Ukubukezwa Kwezincwadi

Ukubuyekezwa kwezincwadi kufanele kunikeze ukuhlaziywa okubucayi kwezincwadi ezikhona ngesihloko socwaningo. Kufanele ikhombe izikhala emibhalweni futhi ichaze ukuthi iphrojekthi yocwaningo ehlongozwayo izonikela kanjani olwazini olukhona.

3.5 Indlela yokusebenza

Indlela yokusebenza kufanele iveze ukwakheka kocwaningo, izindlela zokuqoqa idatha, nezindlela zokuhlaziya idatha. Kufanele ichaze ukuthi iphrojekthi yocwaningo izokwenziwa kanjani nokuthi idatha izohlaziywa kanjani.

3.6 Imiphumela

Isigaba semiphumela kufanele siveze imiphumela elindelekile kanye nemiphumela engaba khona yephrojekthi yocwaningo. Kufanele futhi ichaze ukuthi imiphumela izokwethulwa futhi isatshalaliswe kanjani.

3.7 Ingxoxo

Ingxenye yezingxoxo kufanele ihumushe imiphumela futhi ichaze ukuthi ihlobana kanjani nezinjongo zocwaningo kanye nemibono ecatshangelwayo. Kufanele futhi ixoxe nganoma yimiphi imikhawulo engaba khona yephrojekthi yocwaningo futhi inikeze izincomo zocwaningo lwangomuso.

Isiphetho se-3.8

Isiphetho kufanele sifinyeze amaphuzu abalulekile esiphakamiso futhi sigcizelele ukubaluleka kwephrojekthi yocwaningo. Kufanele futhi inikeze ucingo olucacile esenzweni, ichaze izinyathelo ezilandelayo kanye nomthelela ongaba khona wephrojekthi yocwaningo.

Izikhombo ze-3.9

Amareferensi kufanele ahlinzeke ngohlu lwayo yonke imithombo ecashunwe esiphakamisweni. Kufanele ilandele isitayela esithile sokucaphuna, njenge-APA, i-MLA, noma i-Chicago.

4. Izifanekiso Zesiphakamiso Socwaningo

Kunezifanekiso ezimbalwa zesiphakamiso socwaningo ezitholakala ku-inthanethi ezingakuqondisa ohlelweni lokubhala isiphakamiso socwaningo. Lezi zifanekiso zihlinzeka ngohlaka lwezinto ezibalulekile zesiphakamiso socwaningo futhi zingenziwa ngendlela oyifisayo ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zakho ezithile.

5. Isiphakamiso Socwaningo Isibonelo

Nasi isibonelo sesiphakamiso socwaningo esibonisa izinto ezibalulekile okuxoxwe ngazo kulesi sihloko:

Isihloko: Umthelela Wemithombo Yezokuxhumana Empilweni Yengqondo: Ucwaningo Lwezindlela Ezixubile

Abstract: Le phrojekthi yocwaningo ihlose ukuphenya umthelela wenkundla yezokuxhumana empilweni yengqondo kusetshenziswa indlela exubile. Lolu cwaningo luzobandakanya inhlolovo yobuningi bokusetshenziswa kwenkundla yezokuxhumana kanye nezimpawu zempilo yengqondo, kanye nezingxoxo ezisezingeni eliphakeme nabantu abahlangabezane nezinkinga zempilo yengqondo ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwenkundla yezokuxhumana. Imiphumela elindelekile yalolu cwaningo ihlanganisa ukuqonda kangcono ubudlelwano phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwenkundla yezokuxhumana kanye nempilo yengqondo, kanye nezincomo zocwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo kanye nokungenelela okungase kube khona ukuze kuncishiswe imiphumela emibi yenkundla yezokuxhumana empilweni yengqondo.

Isingeniso: Inkundla yezokuxhumana isiyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila kwethu kwansuku zonke, inabasebenzisi bezinkundla zokuxhumana abangaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingu-3.8 emhlabeni wonke. Nakuba inkundla yezokuxhumana inezinzuzo eziningi, njengokwanda kokuxhumana nomphakathi kanye nokufinyelela olwazini, kunokukhathazeka okukhulayo mayelana nomthelela wayo omubi ongaba khona empilweni yengqondo. Inhloso yale phrojekthi yocwaningo ukuphenya ubudlelwano phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwenkundla yezokuxhumana kanye nempilo yengqondo nokuhlinzeka ngezincomo zocwaningo lwangomuso kanye nokungenelela okungase kube khona.

Ukubuyekeza incwadi: Izincwadi ezikhona ezinkundleni zokuxhumana nempilo yengqondo ziphakamisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwemithombo yezokuxhumana kungaholela ekwandeni kokukhathazeka, ukudangala, kanye nemizwa yesizungu nokuzihlukanisa. Nakuba izindlela eziqondile zingaqondwa kahle, ezinye izifundo ziphakamisa ukuthi ukuqhathanisa komphakathi kanye nokwesaba ukulahlekelwa (FOMO) kungase kudlale indima. Kodwa-ke, kukhona futhi izifundo eziphakamisa ukuthi izinkundla zokuxhumana zingaba nemiphumela emihle empilweni yengqondo, njengokwesekwa okwengeziwe komphakathi nokuziveza.

Indlela yokusebenza: Lolu cwaningo luzosebenzisa izindlela ezixubile, okuhlanganisa ucwaningo lwequantitative kanye nezingxoxo zekhwalithi. Inhlolovo izosatshalaliswa ku-inthanethi futhi izofaka imibuzo mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwenkundla yezokuxhumana kanye nezimpawu zempilo yengqondo. Izingxoxo ezisezingeni eliphezulu zizoqhutshwa nabantu abaye bahlangabezana nezinkinga zempilo yengqondo ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwenkundla yezokuxhumana. Izingxoxo zizorekhodwa futhi zilotshwe ukuze zihlaziywe.

Ezenye: Imiphumela elindelekile yalolu cwaningo ihlanganisa ukuqonda kangcono ubudlelwano phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwenkundla yezokuxhumana kanye nempilo yengqondo. Imiphumela yocwaningo lobuningi izohlaziywa kusetshenziswa isofthiwe yezibalo, futhi inhlolokhono yekhwalithi izohlaziywa kusetshenziswa i-thematic analysis.

Ingxoxo: Ingxoxo izohumusha imiphumela futhi inikeze izincomo zocwaningo lwangomuso kanye nokungenelela okungenzeka. Izophinde futhi ixoxe nganoma yimiphi imikhawulo yocwaningo engaba khona, njengosayizi wesampula nezindlela zokuqasha.

Isiphetho: Le phrojekthi yocwaningo inamandla okunikeza imininingwane ebalulekile ngobudlelwano phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwenkundla yezokuxhumana kanye nempilo yengqondo. Ingase futhi yazise ucwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo kanye nokungenelela okungaba khona ukuze kuncishiswe imiphumela emibi yenkundla yezokuxhumana empilweni yengqondo.

6. Amasampula Eziphakamiso Zocwaningo Ezibhalwe Kahle

Nawa amasampula eziphakamiso zocwaningo ezibhalwe kahle:

• "Ukuhlola Iqhaza Lokungenelela Okusekelwe Ekucabangeni Ekuthuthukiseni Impilo Yengqondo: Ukubuyekezwa Okuhlelekile Nokuhlaziywa Kwe-Meta"
• “Ukuphenya Umthelela Wokuguquka Kwesimo Sezulu Emkhiqizweni Wezolimo: Indaba Eyisibonelo Yabalimi Abancane ETanzania”

• "Ucwaningo Oluqhathanisekayo Lokusebenza Ngokusebenza Kwengqondo-Ukuziphatha Kokwelapha kanye Nemithi Ekwelapheni Ukucindezeleka"

Lezi ziphakamiso zocwaningo zibonisa izici ezibalulekile okuxoxwe ngazo kulesi sihloko, njengombuzo wocwaningo ocacile, ukubuyekezwa kwezincwadi, indlela yokusebenza, kanye nemiphumela elindelekile.

Isiphetho

Ukubhala isiphakamiso socwaningo kungase kubonakale kunzima, kodwa kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile enqubweni yocwaningo. Isiphakamiso socwaningo esibhalwe kahle singakhuphula amathuba akho okuthola uxhaso, ukuthola imvume kumakomiti okuziphatha, futhi ekugcineni wenze iphrojekthi yocwaningo eyimpumelelo.

Ngokulandela izici ezibalulekile ezivezwe kulesi sihloko, njengokuhlonza umbuzo ocacile wocwaningo, ukwenza ukubuyekezwa kwezincwadi okuphelele, kanye nokuchaza indlela eqinile, ungabhala isiphakamiso socwaningo esinamandla esibonisa ukubaluleka kwephrojekthi yakho yocwaningo kanye nomthelela wayo ongaba khona.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa